Buying your first home in the United States is one of the most significant financial milestones you can achieve, and many immigrants — with or without papers, with DACA or TPS — are doing it in Florida today. But the process varies significantly depending on your immigration status. This step-by-step guide explains what loan type you can use, what the real requirements are, and how to get started.

What loan type is available to me?

Permanent residency (green card): Full access to the mortgage system — conventional, FHA, USDA, and VA loans (if a veteran). Same requirements as a U.S. citizen.

DACA: Since January 2021, DACA recipients with a valid EAD and SSN can qualify for FHA loans — the most accessible loan for first-time buyers, with a minimum 3.5% down payment if your score is 580 or higher. Many private lenders also offer conventional loans to DACA recipients. Note: verify current status with a specialized loan officer, as policies can change.

TPS: With a valid TPS-issued EAD and SSN, you can often qualify for FHA and conventional loans. Look for lenders with TPS client experience.

Work visa (H-1B, L-1, O-1, etc.): Yes, you can buy with a work visa. Conventional lenders generally want at least one year remaining on the visa or a consistent renewal history.

ITIN (without work authorization): Access to ITIN loans through specialized lenders. Requires a higher down payment (15-20%), 2 years of tax returns, and a 620+ credit score. More demanding but fully achievable with preparation.

Universal requirements for any mortgage

Credit score: FHA from 580 (with 3.5% down) or 500 (with 10% down). Conventional generally 620+. ITIN loans: 620+.

Employment history: Two years of steady employment is the standard.

Debt-to-income ratio (DTI): All monthly debt payments plus the future mortgage payment should not exceed 43-50% of gross monthly income.

Down payment: FHA from 3.5%. Conventional from 3% (with PMI) or 20% (without). ITIN loans 15-20%.

Tax history: Two years of federal returns.

Step-by-step process

Step 1 — Review and improve your credit (3-6 months before). Get your free report at AnnualCreditReport.com. Dispute any errors immediately. Pay down debts near their limits. Avoid opening new credit lines.

Step 2 — Save for down payment and closing costs. Closing costs in Florida are typically 2-5% of the home price — between $7,000 and $17,500 on a $350,000 home, on top of the down payment.

Step 3 — Get pre-approved. Talk to a loan officer before looking at homes. Pre-approval tells you exactly what you can borrow and makes sellers take you seriously. For DACA: seek lenders with DACA borrower experience. For ITIN: look specifically for Non-QM lenders or community banks.

Step 4 — Work with a Spanish-speaking real estate agent. The buyer's agent is typically paid by the seller — you pay nothing out of pocket. A good agent knows neighborhoods, real prices, and local assistance programs.

Step 5 — Offer, inspection, and closing. With your pre-approval ready, when you find the right home you make an offer. Always pay for a professional inspection ($300-$500). Closing takes 30 to 45 days from offer acceptance.

Down payment assistance programs in Florida

Florida Housing Finance Corporation: First-time buyer assistance programs, some compatible with FHA for DACA recipients and ITIN loans.

Hometown Heroes: Up to $35,000 for teachers, nurses, firefighters, police, and other essential workers in Florida.

County-level programs: Miami-Dade, Broward, Orange, and Hillsborough have active programs. Check your county's official website.

Most common mistakes

Looking at homes before getting pre-approved. Opening new credit cards during the mortgage process. Not budgeting for real homeownership costs: insurance, property taxes, repairs. Choosing a lender without experience with your specific immigration status.

Connect with Atton Finance

At Atton Finance we connect you with bilingual loan officers and real estate agents experienced with first-time buyers on DACA, TPS, work visas, or ITIN in Florida. Start your free Master Plan and our team will evaluate your specific situation.

This article is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute legal or financial advice. Programs and requirements may change. Consult a certified professional for your specific situation.